Mechanisms of modulation of the Egr gene family in mammary epithelial cells of different species.

In the adult female, within the estrous cycle, the mammary gland undergoes multiple rounds of growth, with increased cellular proliferation, and involution, with increased apoptosis. The increase in proliferation is elicited by endocrine (Estrogen, Progesterone), as well as locally produced (epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, etc) growth factors. Among the genes that are modulated during cellular proliferation, immediate early genes play a fundamental role, being rapidly upregulated and then downregulated within the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, allowing the progression to the subsequent phases.

Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils.

Background And Purpose: Intravascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is a relatively new therapeutic technique and long-term controlled angiographic trials are needed to assess persistence of aneurysm occlusion. Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MR angiography as a noninvasive screening tool in the follow-up of cerebral aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs).

Methods: Forty-nine patients with 50 intracranial aneurysms previously treated with GDCs were studied with both DSA and 3D-TOF MR angiography.

[Comparative assessment of conventional spin echo sequences and turbo spin echo in the study with magnetic resonance of the lesions of the spinal cord].

In the last few years, new magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences called Fast or Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) sequences have become available. This kind of T2-weighted images is particularly useful for the study of spondylosis and degenerative spinal conditions, because it both reduces involuntary motion artifacts and its acquisition time is shorter than that of conventional SE T2-weighted images. Our study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic gain of this new type of pulse sequences in intrinsic spinal cord conditions.

[Magnetic resonance with fat-saturation sequences in studying the upper abdomen: the normal semeiological aspects].

The fat-saturation (FAT-SAT) MR technique decreases the signal intensity of fat in tissues, though yielding the T1, T2 and proton-density (PD) information available on spin-echo (SE) sequences. To investigate the potentials of FAT-SAT sequences in MRI of the upper abdomen, the authors carried out a prospective study including 129 subjects, namely 12 normal volunteers and 117 patients with different abdominal conditions. The patients were submitted to T1-weighted SE sequences (TR 500-600 ms, TE 15 ms), T2W SE (TR 1600-1730 ms, TE 80 ms) and PD SE (TR 1600-1730 ms, TE 20 ms).

MR imaging of focal liver lesions: comparison between turbo spin-echo and conventional spin-echo pulse sequences.

The aim of this study was to compare conventional spin-echo (CSE) T2-weighted (T2W) images with turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2W pulse sequences in their ability to detect focal liver lesions. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with focal liver lesions were entered into this study. All patients were imaged using the gradient-echo (GE) sequence with the breath-hold technique for T1-weighted (T1W) images, and CSE and TSE sequences for T2W images.