Characterization of oligosaccharides from the chondroitin sulfates. (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR studies of reduced disaccharides and tetrasaccharides.

Chondroitin sulfates were fragmented using the enzymes chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase and chondroitin ACII lyase; both disaccharide and tetrasaccharide fragments were isolated after reduction to the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-N-acetylamino-D-galactitol (GalNAc-ol) form. These have the structures: Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S-ol, Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S-ol, Delta UA2S(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S-ol, Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S(beta 1--4)L-IdoA(alpha 1--3)GalNAc4S-ol, Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S(beta 1--4)GlcA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S-ol, Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S(beta 1--4)GlcA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S-ol, Delta UA(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S(beta 1--4)GlcA(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S-ol, Delta UA2S(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S(beta 1--4)GlcA(beta 1--3)GalNAc4S-ol and Delta UA2S(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S(beta 1--4)GlcA(beta 1--3)GalNAc6S-ol, where Delta UA represents a 4,5-unsaturated hexuronic acid (4-deoxy-alpha-Lthreo-hex-4-enepyranosyluronic acid) and 6S/4S/2S represent O-ester sulfate groups at C6/C4/C2 sites. Complete (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR data are derived for these species, which may help to alleviate some of the significant difficulties resulting from signal complexity that are currently hindering the characterization and assignment of major and minor structural components within chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate polymers.

Perindopril/Hydrochlorothiazide Combination in Hypertensive Patients Unresponsive to Hydrochlorothiazide Alone: A Double-Blind, Multicenter Study.

This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of perindopril erbumine, a long-acting ACE inhibitor, added to continuing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) therapy in hypertensive patients (DBP of 95 to 114 mmHg) whose blood pressure did not normalize (supine DBP <90 mmHg) with HCTZ therapy alone. In this multicenter study, 252 patients received HCTZ 25 mg/day for 4 weeks; the 208 whose blood pressure did not normalize entered a 12-week, double-blind segment. These patients continued to receive HCTZ and were randomly assigned to perindopril (2, 4, or 8 mg) or placebo once daily.

A randomized, controlled trial comparing diltiazem, hydrochlorothiazide, and their combination in the therapy of essential hypertension.

Study Objectives: To compare the efficacy of combination therapy with sustained-release diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide (DTZ SR-HCTZ) with that of monotherapy with DTZ SR, HCTZ, or placebo in the treatment of essential hypertension; and to determine whether the addition of a diuretic to diltiazem at apparent optimum doses of each agent significantly enhances their antihypertensive effects.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial with a 6-week treatment phase.

Setting: Private and university-based clinics.