A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method to Determine Tramadol Abuse Using Urine Samples.

Background The synthetic opioid tramadol is widely used as a pain reliever. Unlike other opioids, it is used freely worldwide, unaffected by international controls resulting in abuse and accidental intoxication. Analytical methods are necessary to prove tramadol abuse because 30% of the drug is excreted unchanged.

Evaluating prefrontal changes in depression using functional near-infrared spectroscopy utilizing Stroop test: A comparison with healthy controls.

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is being increasingly utilized to visualize the brain areas involved in cognitive activity to understand the human brain better. Its portability and easy setup give it an advantage over other functional brain imaging tools. The current study utilizes fNIRS while performing a Stroop test, which is commonly used to assess the impairment of information selection in depression.

Long-term complications, survival and mortality in splenectomised adult transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients.

Background: Splenectomy is frequently performed in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients to lower blood transfusion needs but is associated with significant long-term complications, including sepsis, thrombosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This study examines the long-term complications, survival rates, and causes of mortality among adult patients with TDT who have undergone splenectomy in a low and middle-income country (LMIC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 103 adult TDT patients (≥18 years) who underwent splenectomy between July 2013 and March 2024.

Molecular dynamics in pharmaceutical nanotechnology: simulating interactions and advancing applications.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are now widely utilized in pharmaceutical nanotechnology to gain deeper understanding of nanoscale processes imperative to drug design. This review has also detailed how MD simulation can be employed in the study of drug-nanocarrier interactions, controlling release of chemical compounds from drug delivery systems and increasing solubility and bioavailability of nanocarriers. Furthermore, MD contributes to examining the drug delivery systems, measuring the toxic effects, and determining biocompatibility of nanomedical systems.