Comparison of monounsaturated fat with carbohydrates as a replacement for saturated fat in subjects with a high metabolic risk profile: studies in the fasting and postprandial states.

Background: In subjects with a high prevalence of metabolic risk abnormalities, the preferred replacement for saturated fat is unresolved.

Objective: The objective was to study whether carbohydrate or monounsaturated fat is a preferred replacement for saturated fat.

Design: Fifty-two men and 33 women, selected to have any combination of HDL cholesterol < or = 30th percentile, triacylglycerol > or = 70th percentile, or insulin > or = 70th percentile, were enrolled in a 3-period, 7-wk randomized crossover study.

Effects of atorvastatin on the HDL subpopulation profile of coronary heart disease patients.

We investigated the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid and the apoA-I-containing HDL subpopulation profiles in 86 patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). The entire drug treatment period lasted 12 weeks (4-week periods of 20 then 40, then 80 mg/day). Each dose of atorvastatin treatment resulted in significant reductions in plasma total-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride (TG), and non-significant increases in HDL-C levels compared with placebo treatment.

Comparing the effects of five different statins on the HDL subpopulation profiles of coronary heart disease patients.

We compared the effects of five different statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin) on the lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation profiles of 86 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Patients with established CHD, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C)>130 mg/dl, and triglyceride (TG)<400 mg/dl, were treated with atorvastatin 20, 40, and 80 mg/day and one of the other four statins at 20, 40, and when available 80 mg/day in increasing doses (4 weeks of each dose) in a randomized crossover fashion. There was an 8-week placebo controlled washout period between different drug treatments.

Subpopulations of high density lipoproteins in homozygous and heterozygous Tangier disease.

Tangier disease (TD) is characterized by severe high-density lipoproteins (HDL) deficiency, hypercatabolism of HDL constituents, impaired cellular cholesterol efflux, and mutations in the gene of ATP-binding cassette 1 (ABC-1). In the present study, we determined plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels, and HDL subpopulations, in 110 subjects from a large TD kindred in which the proband was homozygous for an A-->C missense mutation at nucleotide 5338 of the ABC-1 transcript. In the proband HDL-C, apoA-I, and apoA-II concentrations were 2, 1, and 2 mg/dl, respectively, apoA-I was present only in prebeta(1), while apoA-II was found free of apoA-I in two distinct alpha mobility subpopulations with different sizes.

Distribution of ApoA-I-containing HDL subpopulations in patients with coronary heart disease.

High density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their subspecies play a role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL subpopulations were measured by 2-dimensional nondenaturing gel electrophoresis in 79 male control subjects and 76 male CHD patients to test the hypothesis that greater differences in apolipoprotein (apo)A-I-containing HDL subpopulations would exist between these 2 groups than for traditional lipid levels. In CHD subjects, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (-14%, P<0.