Thermodynamic circuits: Association of devices in stationary nonequilibrium.

For a circuit made of thermodynamic devices in stationary nonequilibrium, we determine the mean currents (of energy, matter, charge, etc.) exchanged with external reservoirs driving the circuit out of equilibrium. Starting from the conductance matrix describing the nonlinear current-force characteristics of each device, we obtain the conductance matrix of the composite device.

N-States Continuous Maxwell Demon.

Maxwell's demon is a famous thought experiment and a paradigm of the thermodynamics of information. It is related to Szilard's engine, a two-state information-to-work conversion device in which the demon performs single measurements and extracts work depending on the state measurement outcome. A variant of these models, the continuous Maxwell demon (CMD), was recently introduced by Ribezzi-Crivellari and Ritort where work was extracted after multiple repeated measurements every time that is in a two-state system.

Applied Clinical Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantification Methods for Lipid-Derived Biomarkers, Steroids and Cannabinoids: Fit-for-Purpose Validation Methods.

The emergence of metabolomics and quantification approaches is revealing new biomarkers applied to drug discovery. In this context, tandem mass spectrometry is the method of choice, requiring a specific validation process for preclinical and clinical applications. Research on the two classes of lipid mediators, steroids and cannabinoids, has revealed a potential interaction in cannabis addiction and metabolism-related disorders.

Cross-talk between neurosteroid and endocannabinoid systems in cannabis addiction.

Steroids and endocannabinoids are part of two modulatory systems and some evidence has shown their interconnections in several functions. Homeostasis is a common steady-state described in the body, which is settled by regulatory systems to counterbalance deregulated or allostatic set points towards an equilibrium. This regulation is of primary significance in the central nervous system for maintaining neuronal plasticity and preventing brain-related disorders.

Why not? Decrypting social attitudes toward European aquaculture: An updated policy perspective for an old problem.

In some food production systems, sustainability and acceptability are considered umbrella concepts that can be assessed through a combination of criteria and indicators. After a remarkable and somewhat chaotic development in the early 1990s, European aquaculture has been evolving in both scientific and policy domains to improve, and to prove, its sustainability. The updated review of the literature and policy framework presented in this article highlights gaps in European studies, addressing mostly concerns over environmental impacts and food safety and less over economic impacts on other coastal activities or the effects on social values and local traditions.