Digestive interaction between dietary nitrite and dairy products generates novel nitrated linolenic acid products.

Nitrated fatty acids are important anti-inflammatory and protective lipids formed in the gastric compartment, with conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid, RA, 9Z,11E-18:2) being the primary substrate for lipid nitration. The recently reported identification of nitrated rumelenic acid (NO-RLA) in human urine has led to hypothesize that rumelenic acid (RLA, 9Z,11E,15Z-18:3) from dairy fat is responsible for the formation of NO-RLA. To evaluate the source and mechanism of NO-RLA formation, N labeled standards of NO-RLA were synthesized and characterized.

Neuroprotective actions of a fatty acid nitroalkene in Parkinson's disease.

To date there are no therapeutic strategies that limit the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying PD-related nigrostriatal neurodegeneration remain incompletely understood, with multiple factors modulating the course of PD pathogenesis. This includes Nrf2-dependent gene expression, oxidative stress, α-synuclein pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.

Kidney-targeted irradiation triggers renal ischemic preconditioning in mice.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates I/R-associated AKI. Whole body irradiation induces renal IPC in mice.

The genetic deletion of the Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) attenuates kidney damage and inflammation following ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mouse.

Aim: Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) regulates the innate immune response, with a putative role in angiogenesis. Modulating inflammation and perfusion contributes to renal conditioning against ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). We postulate that the functional loss of DUSP3 is associated with kidney resistance to I/R.

Endogenous generation of nitro-fatty acid hybrids having dual nitrate ester (RONO) and nitroalkene (RNO) substituents.

Organic nitrate esters, long-recognized therapies for cardiovascular disorders, have not been detected biologically. We characterize in rat stomach unsaturated fatty acid nitration reactions that proceed by generation of nitro-nitrate intermediates (NO-ONO-FA) via oxygen and nitrite dependent reactions. NO-ONO-lipids represent ∼70% of all nitrated lipids in the stomach and they decay in vitro at neutral or basic pH by the loss of the nitrate ester group (-ONO) from the carbon backbone upon deprotonation of the α-carbon (pKa ∼7), yielding nitrate, nitrite, nitrosative species, and an electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene product (NO-FA).