Inflammation suppresses DLG2 expression decreasing inflammasome formation.

Purpose: Loss of expression of DLG2 has been identified in a number of cancers to contribute to the disease by resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation and poor survival. In light of the previous evidence that DLG2 alters the cell cycle and affects proliferation, combined with indications that DLG2 is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome axis we speculated that DLG2 has an immune function. So far, there is no data that clearly elucidates this role, and this study was designed to investigate DLG2 in inflammatory colon disease and in colon cancer as well as its impact on inflammasome induction.

Intestinal microbiota is altered in patients with colon cancer and modified by probiotic intervention.

Objective: The colonic microbiota is altered in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the microbiota composition of patients with colon cancer compared with controls devoid of neoplastic or inflammatory disease and the potential to modify the colonic microbiota with probiotics.

Design: Biopsy samples were obtained from the normal mucosa and tumour during colonoscopy from 15 patients with colon cancer.

The need for surgery after endoscopic treatment of colorectal neoplasms is the most important outcome criterion.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is known to provide superior results in terms of en bloc and/or R0 resection compared with endoscopic mucosal resection. Therefore, ESD is also expected to provide superior clinical outcomes in terms of the need for supplementary surgery after endoscopic treatment. However, whether or not the clinical gain to the patient is sufficiently large to justify the cost and risk of ESD remains to be further evaluated.