Cardiovascular effects of high-intensity interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. A randomized phase III clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (i.e., 30s at 100% of max workload, followed by 30s at rest, 45 min 3 days/week working-out schedule for 12 weeks) on left ventricular function and aortic elastic properties among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.

Dependence of forced vital capacity manoeuvre on time course of preceding inspiration in patients with restrictive lung disease.

In normal subjects and patients with airway obstruction, flows during a forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvre are higher after a fast inspiration without an end-inspiratory pause (manoeuvre 1) as compared to a slow inspiration with an end-expiratory pause of approximately 5 s (manoeuvre 2). In this study, we investigated the influence of these manoeuvres on maximal expiratory volume-time and flow-volume curves in patients with restrictive lung disease. Eleven patients with restrictive lung disease were studied.

Measurement of effective alveolar carbon dioxide tension during spontaneous breathing in normal subjects and patients with chronic airways obstruction.

Background: The measurement of effective alveolar carbon dioxide tension (PA-CO2eff) is still a matter of debate. It has, however, become common practice to use arterial instead of alveolar CO2 tension for computing alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) and physiological dead space, not only in normal subjects but also in patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate alveolar CO2 tension during spontaneous breathing with a new bedside technique which is simple and non-invasive, and to compare these values with arterial CO2 tension measured in normal subjects and patients with chronic airways obstruction.