Quality of life of postmenopausal women in rural area, Nepal.

Background: Menopause is one of the natural phenomena in every woman's life. The transition phase gradually brings lots of changes in the life of women, both physically and mentally. In Nepal, these changes are often viewed as the symptoms of old age.

Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease as a cause of acute abdomen: report of five cases.

Mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease (MIVOD) is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of intestinal ischemia. It can be defined as phlebitis or venulitis affecting either the bowel or mesentery, without any evidence of coexisting arterial inflammatory involvement or an obvious predisposing cause. We report the clinicopathological characteristics of five patients who, after presenting with an acute abdomen, underwent exploratory laparotomy and resection of ischemic bowel.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the nasal cavity.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign, normolipaemic, self-healing condition and a type of histiocytosis that occurs most frequently in infants and children. This condition usually presents with solitary or multiple cutaneous lesions and occasionally with visceral lesions. We report a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma occurring in the nasal cavity.

Metastatic testicular teratoma of the nasal cavity: a rare cause of severe intractable epistaxis.

Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are uncommon. Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant germ cell tumour occurring in the reproductive organs. Metastasis may be principally by the lymphatic route as in other germ cell tumours but choriocarcinoma is also known to spread haematogenously.