Lessons for Theory from Scientific Domains Where Evidence is Sparse or Indirect.

In many scientific fields, sparseness and indirectness of empirical evidence pose fundamental challenges to theory development. Theories of the evolution of human cognition provide a guiding example, where the targets of study are evolutionary processes that occurred in the ancestors of present-day humans. In many cases, the evidence is both very sparse and very indirect (e.

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Comprehensive Review.

Mesotheliomas are hyperplastic tumors that envelop the serosal membranes that safeguard the body's external surfaces. Although certain instances may exhibit indolent characteristics, a significant number of tumors demonstrate rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Mesotheliomas are typically categorized as benign or malignant, with malignant mesothelioma being more frequently linked to asbestos exposure.

TWINKLE: An open-source two-photon microscope for teaching and research.

Many laboratories use two-photon microscopy through commercial suppliers, or homemade designs of considerable complexity. The integrated nature of these systems complicates customization, troubleshooting, and training on the principles of two-photon microscopy. Here, we present "Twinkle": a microscope for Two-photon Imaging in Neuroscience, and Kit for Learning and Education.

A powerful molecular marker to detect mutations at sorghum LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1.

The parasitic weed Striga (Striga hermonthica) limits productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and other cereals in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. Improved host plant genetics is an effective control method but verified loci contributing to Striga resistance are limited. LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 remains the only known sorghum locus affecting resistance to Striga.