One- and two-particle microrheology of soft materials based on optical-flow image analysis.

Particle-tracking microrheology probes the rheology of soft materials by accurately tracking an ensemble of embedded colloidal tracer particles. One-particle analysis, which focuses on the trajectory of individual tracers is ideal for homogeneous materials that do not interact with the particles. By contrast, the characterization of heterogeneous, micro-structured materials or those where particles interact directly with the medium requires a two-particle analysis that characterizes correlations between the trajectories of distinct particle pairs.

High pyrethroid resistance is associated with high frequencies of 1014F and 1014S kdr mutations in Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Malaria remains a major public health threat in Burkina Faso, as in most sub-Saharan Africa countries. Malaria control relies mainly on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. In Burkina Faso, an escalating of insecticide resistance has been observed over the last decades.

Three years of insecticide resistance evolution and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Background: Resistance to insecticides is spreading among populations of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of important human arboviruses. The escalating insecticide resistance poses a significant threat to dengue vector control, with an expanding number of countries affected by the disease. To gain a deeper insight into the evolution of insecticide resistance, it is essential to have longitudinal surveillance results, which are currently lacking, particularly from African Ae.

Behavioural responses of to standard pyrethroid and PBO-treated bednets of different operational ages.

To combat pyrethroid insecticide resistance, there has been widespread distribution of pyrethroid-treated bednets (ITNs) co-impregnated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a synergist that inhibits enzyme activity to block metabolic resistance. While PBO impacts physiological resistance, mosquito behavioural responses when attempting to blood-feed through nets may be more dependent on net characteristics, in particular the insecticide treatment and operational age of nets. These potentially interacting effects are currently not well characterised.

The epidemiological benefit of pyrethroid-pyrrole insecticide treated nets against malaria: an individual-based malaria transmission dynamics modelling study.

Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are the most important malaria prevention tool in Africa but the rise of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes is likely impeding control. WHO has recommended a novel pyrethroid-pyrrole ITN following evidence of epidemiological benefit in two cluster-randomised, controlled trials (CRTs). It remains unclear how effective more costly pyrethroid-pyrrole ITNs are compared with other tools, or whether they should be deployed when budgets are limited.