Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their cross talks in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options beyond surgery and chemotherapy. Recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, including PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise, but their efficacy has not met expectations. Biomarker testing and personalized medicine based on genetic mutations and other biomarkers represent the future direction for HCC treatment.

Validation, dissipation kinetics and monitoring of flonicamid and dinotefuran residues in paddy grain, straw, its processed produces and bran oil using LC-MS/MS.

Flonicamid and dinotefuran are highly effective insecticides in paddy but residue persistence in crop and transmission into food and feed is unknown. This study aimed to examine initial deposits and dissipation kinetics of flonicamid and dinotefuran in paddy matrices and processed products including bran oil. The method was validated following acetonitrile extraction, dispersive solid phase clean-up and finally determination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

The Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Adhesive Systems.

Aim: To compare the effect of salivary contamination on the shear bond strength (SBS) of seventh- and eighth-generation adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Specimens were randomly divided into group I and group II, subdivided into three subgroups of 11 samples. Subgroup IA-seventh-generation uncontaminated (control); adhesive; air-dried; light cured.

Water-efficient genotypes along with conservation measures significantly reduce the green and blue water footprints in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.).

Sugarcane crop is irrigated using surface, overhead, and drip irrigation methods. Increased water use in sugarcane is a major concern around the world, implying the need for water accounting, developing water-efficient hybrids and water-saving agro-techniques for long-term conservation and use of water. "Water Footprint (WF)" is a measure of both direct and indirect water usage accountable for any product and/or process.