Sex differences in the correlation between lipids related to cardiovascular risk factors and small dense LDL particles in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Sex differences in lipid metabolism associated with prevalent small dense (S-) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles are not elucidated. An LDL to apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ratio < 1.2 can estimate how prevalent S-LDL particles are and, thus, reflect cardiovascular risk.

Novel biomarkers for prediction of acute kidney injury in acute heart failure.

Bjectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent event in patients with an acute heart failure (AHF) and is associated with a poor short and long-term outcome. The aim of this study was to describe diagnostic yield of selected novel biomarkers in prediction of AKI in patients admitted for AHF.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 72 consecutive patients (46/26 M/F) aged 69±10,3 years admitted for AHF.

[Type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease].

The number of type 2 diabetic patients is increasing world-wide and a prediction of prevalence of chronic kidney disease up to 2025 in European diabetic population is alarming. Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate are cardinal biochemical parameters in diagnostics of diabetic nephropathy. Following diagnostic methods are also used: renal ultrasonography, ophthalmoscopy and in not clarified cases renal biopsy.

[Diuretic treatment in patients with acute pulmonary edema did not produces severe hyponatremia or hypokalemia].

Introduction: One of the risks of diuretic therapy for pulmonary edema is the development of hyponatremia and hypokalemia with pro-arrhythmic potential. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia after the first day of treatment in a real clinical practice.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data obtained from medical records.

[Novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in diabetic nephropathy].

Epidemiological studies show increasing prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease are the biggest group from among patients on renal replacement therapy. Renal Pathology Society developed pathological classification of diabetic nephropathy.