Evaluation of pharyngeal lidocaine anesthesia for esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Double-blind randomized control trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of topical pharyngeal anesthesia improves endoscopist- and patient-reported tolerance and satisfaction, the total dose of propofol used and the rate of adverse effects associated with this procedure.

Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing elective oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to receive five squirts of lidocaine 10% spray (50 mg, n = 268) or placebo (n = 271) 3 min before starting the procedure or sedation.

Remifentanil versus placebo for analgesia during external cephalic version: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Breech presentation occurs in up to 3% of pregnancies at term and may be an indication for caesarean delivery. External cephalic version can be effective in repositioning the fetus in a cephalic presentation, but may be painful for the mother. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of remifentanil versus placebo for pain relief during external cephalic version.