Pallidal Spike-Train Variability and Randomness Are the Most Important Signatures to Classify Parkinson's Disease and Cervical Dystonia.

Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and cervical dystonia (CD) are associated with abnormal neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi). Reduced firing rate and presence of spiking bursts are typical for CD, whereas PD is characterized by high frequency tonic activity. This research aims to identify the most important pallidal spiking parameters to classify these conditions.

[General psychopathology--the basis for objective psychiatric findings].

General psychopathology is an integral part of psychiatry; without knowledge of it we would be unable to describe an objective clinical psychiatric finding and set the diagnosis. It is dealing with not only description of single psychopathologic terms but also studies its connection with pathophysiology, genetics, biochemistry, psychology and sociology. The grounds of psychopathology were given by Karl Jaspers who devoted much attention to the problem of subjective and objective; it happens quite often that subjective symptoms may bear a character of objective signs.

[Paranoid syndrome, paranoid reaction, paranoia].

The term paranoid is derived from the Greek word paranoia meaning nadnese. It does not only mean self-reference, but there are various personality features as they are hostility, a tendency towards aggressiveness, irritability, a lack of sense of humour, feelings of overestimation of one-self and a tendency towards accusations. These features may appear also within normal psychology and they becomeclinically important after thein increase of intensity and conspicuousness (los sof hearing, long-term abuse of alcohol and psychostimulants) and organic disorders of the brain may contribute to the development of paranoidity.

[The danger of neurosyphilis is again a reality].

The contemporary epidemiological position as regards syphilis, worldwide and in the Czech Republic, is deteriorating in a dangerous way. New cases are not adequately detected, their treatment is frequently implemented by non-professionals and the symptoms of the 1st and 2nd stage remain unnoticed and may be even lacking. In the near future we must foresee an increasing incidence of late complications of syphilis.