The importance of consistency in complainants' evidence in the decision to prosecute child sexual abuse cases.

Background: Attrition of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases occurs at different stages of investigation, and only a small proportion of the cases reported to police are referred for prosecution. Different factors have been linked with the prosecution of CSA cases; however, little is known about how prosecutors determine which cases should proceed and which should not.

Objectives: This paper investigated criteria and thresholds used by prosecuting lawyers in deciding whether a child sexual abuse case should proceed.

Efficiency droop in zincblende InGaN/GaN quantum wells.

The decrease in emission efficiency with increasing drive current density, known as 'droop', of -plane wurtzite InGaN/GaN quantum wells presently limits the use of light-emitting diodes based on them for high brightness lighting applications. InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown in the alternative zincblende phase are free of the strong polarisation fields that exacerbate droop and so were investigated by excitation-dependent photoluminescence and photoreflectance studies. Polarisation-resolved measurements revealed that for all excitation densities studied the emission from such samples largely originates from similar microstructures or combinations of microstructures that form within the quantum well layers.

Disentangling the Impact of Point Defect Density and Carrier Localization-Enhanced Auger Recombination on Efficiency Droop in (In,Ga)N/GaN Quantum Wells.

The internal quantum efficiency of (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells can surpass 90% for blue-emitting structures at moderate drive current densities but decreases significantly for longer emission wavelengths and at higher excitation rates. This latter effect is known as efficiency "droop" and limits the brightness of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on such quantum wells. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain efficiency droop including Auger recombination, both intrinsic and defect-assisted, carrier escape, and the saturation of localized states.

Heterometallic lanthanide complexes with site-specific binding that enable simultaneous visible and NIR-emission.

Macrocyclic lanthanide complexes have become widely developed due to their distinctive luminescence characteristics and wide range of applications in biological imaging. However, systems with sufficient brightness and metal selectivity can be difficult to produce on a molecular scale. Presented herein is the stepwise introduction of differing lanthanide ions in a bis-DO3A/DTPA scaffold to afford three trinuclear bimetallic [LnLn'] lanthanide complexes with site-specific, controlled binding [(YbTb), (EuTb), (YbEu)].