Publications by authors named "P Parham"
HLA class I alleles of archaic origin may have been retained in modern humans because they provide immunity against diseases to which archaic humans had evolved resistance. According to this model, archaic introgressed alleles were somehow distinct from those that evolved in African populations. Here we show that HLA-B*73:01, a rare allotype with putative archaic origins, has a relatively rare peptide binding motif with an unusually long-tailed peptide length distribution.
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- Genetic variation in immune responses, particularly related to HLA and KIR genes, influences how First Nations peoples are affected by infectious diseases.
- HLA-A24:02 and the KIR3DL1 receptor have evolved in First Nations populations, showcasing a significant adaptation through natural selection.
- The KIR3DL1114 allele, unique to Oceania, demonstrates a strong interaction with HLA-A24:02, which enhances immune response, thus highlighting the importance of immunogenetic studies in understanding disease susceptibility.
Article Synopsis
- * Currently, about 20% of the combined haplotypes from Europe are represented, but many common and rare haplotypes, particularly those associated with certain diseases, are still lacking from the global sample.
- * The workshop is now seeking DNA samples from diverse populations, especially non-Europeans, resulting in 537 individuals contributing 294 distinct haplotypes, but still highlighting the need for more representation, particularly from African populations.
KIR3DL1 alleles are expressed at different levels on the natural killer (NK) cell surface. In particular, the non-expressed KIR3DL1*004 allele appears to be common in Caucasian populations. However, the overall distribution of non-expressed KIR3DL1 alleles and their clinical relevance after T-replete haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hHSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide remain poorly documented in European populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term human diseases can shape the immune system, and natural killer (NK) cells have been documented to differentiate into distinct subsets specifically associated with chronic virus infections. One of these subsets found in large frequencies in HIV-1 are the CD56-CD16+ NK cells, and this population's association with chronic virus infections is the subject of this review. Human NK cells are classically defined by CD56 expression, yet increasing evidence supports the NK cell status of the CD56-CD16+ subset which we discuss herein.
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