Experiments with micro-organisms and human cell cultures in the Zond 5 and Zond 7 flights.

Lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to space conditions aboard the flight of Zond 5 and Zond 7. Space flight factors appeared to affect the state of episome systems of bacteria, as judged by data obtained with F-Lac+ donor cells which also carried genetic markers for threonine and leucine. Observations on phage induction are discussed and compared with results obtained aboard Biosatellite 2.

Post-flight histological analysis of turtles aboard Zond 7.

On the occasion of the flight of Zond 7 four turtles were included in the payload. A detailed histological analysis was carried out upon recovery of the subjects. No gross changes were observed, but the nuclei in the cells of many tissues decreased in volume by a statistically significant amount.

Some results of radiobiological studies performed on Cosmos-110 biosatellite.

The experiment carried out on the Cosmos 110 biosatellite is a step further in radiobiological investigations performed in outer space and differs appreciably from flight experiments conducted on board the Vostok and Voskhod spacecraft. The difference lies, firstly, in the integral dose of cosmic radiation. According to the onboard dosimeter readings, it was 12 rad at an average dose rate of 500 mrad/day during the biosatellite flight, whereas in previous biological flight experiments, as is well known, the total dose was below 80 mrad (on a five-day flight of Vostok 5) at a dose rate of 80 to 20 mrad/day.