COVID-19 increased existing gender mortality gaps in high-income more than middle-income countries.

Objective: To analyze how patterns of excess mortality varied by sex and age groups across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with country income level.

Methods: We used World Health Organization excess mortality estimates by sex and age groups for 75 countries in 2020 and 62 countries in 2021, restricting the sample to estimates based on recorded all-cause mortality data. We examined patterns across countries using country-specific Poisson regressions with observations consisting of the number of excess deaths by groups defined by sex and age.

Barriers to medication error reporting in a federally qualified health center.

Objective: To explore the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Categories of Errors health professionals are most likely to report and characterize what barriers to medication error reporting influence decisions to report and the extent they do so at a large federally qualified health center (FQHC).

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, survey.

Setting And Participants: A total of 161 medical professionals at a large FQHC clinic with a small pharmacy team.

Future leaders in pharmacy (FLIP): Student perceptions of leadership development within pharmacy school.

Introduction: This study evaluated the perceptions of student pharmacists in their final year regarding leadership development and feelings of preparedness to assume their first leadership role after graduation.

Methods: This research was conducted using an anonymous, researcher developed, online instrument distributed to 21 institutions across the United States for students in their final semester. Data collected included demographics, the availability/benefit of leadership development activities, and perceptions of leadership skills a pharmacist needs.

Are COVID-19 age-mortality curves for 2020 flatter in developing countries? Evidence from a cross-sectional observational study of population-level official death counts and excess deaths estimates.

Objectives: Previous studies have found a pattern of flatter COVID-19 age-mortality curves among low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using only official COVID-19 death counts. This study examines this question by comparing the age gradient of COVID-19 mortality in a broad set of countries using both official COVID-19 death counts and excess mortality estimates for 2020.

Design: This observational study uses official COVID-19 death counts for 76 countries and excess death estimates for 42 countries.

Exploring strategies to increase college students' motivation to receive their annual influenza vaccine.

Objective: To evaluate college students' awareness of an educational initiative to increase campus influenza vaccination rates and strategies to improve it.

Participants: Students attending a large public comprehensive university.

Methods: An investigator-developed, online survey evaluated awareness of the initiative, the students' perception of incentives, and other motivations to receive seasonal influenza vaccine.