Blood-brain barrier permeability increases with the differentiation of glioblastoma cells in vitro.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor, difficult to treat pharmacologically because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and tight junction (TJ) proteins. The BBB is disrupted within GBM bulk, but it is competent in brain-adjacent-to-tumor areas, where eventual GBM foci can trigger tumor relapse. How GBM cells influence the permeability of BBB is poorly investigated.

The use of a multicellular model to investigate uptake and migration of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from the human gut commensal .

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are increasingly seen as key signalling mediators between the gut microbiota and the host. Recent studies have provided evidence of BEVs ability to transmigrate across cellular barriers to elicit responses in other tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Here we use a combination of single-, two- and three-cell culture systems to demonstrate the transmigration of derived BEVs (Bt-BEVs) across gut epithelium and blood brain barrier (BBB) endothelium, and their subsequent acquisition and downstream effects in neuronal cells.

A human-derived neurovascular unit model to study the effects of cellular cross-talk and soluble factors on barrier integrity.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts paracellular and transcellular diffusion of compounds and is part of a dynamic multicellular structure known as the "neurovascular unit" (NVU), which strictly regulates the brain homeostasis and microenvironment. Several neuropathological conditions (e.g.

[Study of the success rate in bonding attachments with two different composites].

Introduction: The choice of composite type is an important factor and can affect the success of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the failure rate of two light-curing composites and to evaluate the effectiveness of each in vivo. The two composites studied were Transbond XT® (3M®) and BracePaste® (American Orthodontics®).