Pedicled Temporalis Muscle Flap for Craniofacial Reconstruction: A 35-Year Clinical Experience with 366 Flaps.

Background: In the past 130 years, the temporalis muscle flap has been used for a variety of different indications. In this age of microsurgery and perforator flaps, the temporalis muscle flap still has many useful applications for craniofacial reconstruction.

Methods: Three hundred sixty-six temporalis muscle flaps were performed in a single center between 1978 and 2012.

Conductive properties and gating of channels formed by syringopeptin 25A, a bioactive lipodepsipeptide from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, in planar lipid membranes.

Syringopeptin 25A, a pseudomonad lipodepsipeptide, can form ion channels in planar lipid membranes. Pore conductance is around 40 pS in 0.1 M NaCl.

The interaction of lipodepsipeptide toxins from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae with biological and model membranes: a comparison of syringotoxin, syringomycin, and two syringopeptins.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae produces two groups of cyclic lipodepsipeptides (LDPs): the nona-peptides syringomycins, syringostatins, and syringotoxin (ST), and the more complex syringopeptins composed of either 22 or 25 amino acid residues (SP22 and SP25). Both classes of peptides significantly contribute to bacterial pathogenesis and their primary target of action seems to be the plasma membrane.

Proteolytic cleavage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in the presence of lipid bilayers of different composition.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) must be proteolytically nicked by furin at Arg279 before being translocated into the cytosol of target cells. A similar cleavage can also be obtained with trypsin. Using this assay we could show that the interaction with lipid bilayers can strongly influence the extent of nicking.