Capnography-An Essential Monitor, Everywhere: A Narrative Review.

Capnography is now recognized as an indispensable patient safety monitor. Evidence suggests that its use improves outcomes in operating rooms, intensive care units, and emergency departments, as well as in sedation suites, in postanesthesia recovery units, and on general postsurgical wards. Capnography can accurately and rapidly detect respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic derangements.

The origins and development of physician anaesthesiology training in Papua New Guinea: From colonial days to the current era.

Papua New Guinea is a Pacific country that remains an enigma to the world at large. Despite massive geographical challenges due to mountainous terrain, remote islands, poverty, and with 80% of the population of over eight million living in rural villages, Papua New Guinea has managed to develop national medical and postgraduate specialty training. The first recorded anaesthetic was administered in Papua New Guinea in 1880 and the first anaesthetist trained in 1968.

Another look at rational torsion of modular Jacobians.

We study the rational torsion subgroup of the modular Jacobian [Formula: see text] for a square-free integer. We give a proof of a result of Ohta on a generalization of Ogg's conjecture: For a prime number [Formula: see text], the -primary part of the rational torsion subgroup equals that of the cuspidal subgroup. Whereas previous proofs of this result used explicit computations of the cardinalities of these groups, we instead use their structure as modules for the Hecke algebra.