Aromatic compounds and organic acids identified from Ganoderma formosanum exhibit synergistic anti-melanogenic effects.

This study reveals the anti-tyrosinase activity of Ganoderma formosanum extracts, pinpointing compounds including gluconic acid, mesalamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, esculetin, 5-hydroxyindole, and salicylic acid, as effective melanin production inhibitors in melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, multiple molecular docking simulations provided insights into interactions between the identified compounds and tyrosinase, increasing binding affinity up to -16.36 kcal/mol.

Nanoparticle-Based gene therapy strategies in retinal delivery.

Vision loss and blindness are significant issues in both developed and developing countries. There are a wide variety of aetiologies that can cause vision loss, which are outlined in this review. Although treatment has significantly improved over time for some conditions, nearly half of all people with vision impairment are left untreated.

Technical Aspects of a National Service for Paediatric Pelvic Brachytherapy.

Aims: Brachytherapy is advantageous for localised rhabdomyosarcomas in children compared with external beam radiotherapy, sparing close organs at risk with highly conformal dosimetry. A methodology for planning and delivering fractionated high-dose-rate paediatric pelvic brachytherapy is detailed, and the dosimetric parameters are presented. This provides a practical template for radiotherapy departments with a similar patient cohort to implement this treatment technique.

Controlling the Morphology of Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide) Self-Assemblies in Solution: Interplay of Homopolymer Additives and Kinetic Traps.

This study investigates the effects of homopolymer additives and kinetic traps on the self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide) (PEG-PLA) block copolymer (BCP) nanostructures in aqueous environments. By using non-adsorbing PEG homopolymers to kinetically trap PEG-PLA nanostructures, we demonstrate that varying the concentration and molecular weight of the added PEG induces a reversible micelle-to-vesicle transition. This transition is primarily driven by changes in the molecular geometry of the PEG-PLA BCPs due to excluded volume screening effects.