Trust After Just 45 Seconds? An Experimental Vignette Study of How Leader Behavior and Emotional States Influence Immediate Trust in Strangers.

Many critical and unexpected situations are handled by people that have never met. In the literature, development of immediate trust has been identified as a prerequisite for such temporary groups and leadership to function well. Limited experimental research has studied what leadership stimulates immediate trust between strangers.

First-trimester crown-rump length and embryonic volume of aneuploid fetuses measured in virtual reality.

Objectives: To examine whether embryonic volume (EV), as measured using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and a virtual reality approach, is a better measure of growth restriction than is crown-rump length (CRL) in aneuploid fetuses.

Methods: We retrospectively measured CRL and EV in prospectively collected 3D ultrasound volumes of 55 aneuploid fetuses using the Barco I-Space VR system. The gestational age ranged from 11 + 2 to 14 + 4 weeks.

Erroneous production of PAPP-A kits: the impact of a downward shift in PAPP-A concentration on the test performance of first-trimester combined screening for Down syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate a 20% downward shift in the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) concentration on the test performance of first-trimester combined screening (FTS) for Down syndrome (DS) following a flaw in the production of PAPP-A kits on FTS for DS.

Methods: A retrospective re-evaluation of PAPP-A in stored sera. Inclusion criteria were a maternal weight-corrected PAPP-A multiple of the median value ≥ 0.

Estimating the effect of gestational age on test performance of combined first-trimester screening for Down syndrome: a preliminary study.

Objective: To establish how different methods of estimating gestational age (GA) affect reliability of first-trimester screening for Down syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective single-center study of 100 women with a viable singleton pregnancy, who had first-trimester screening. We calculated multiples of the median (MoM) for maternal-serum free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (free beta-hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), derived from either last menstrual period (LMP) or ultrasound-dating scans.

Embryonic delay in growth and development related to confined placental trisomy 16 mosaicism, diagnosed by I-Space Virtual Reality.

Objective: To demonstrate the use of a novel three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) system in the visualization of first trimester growth and development in a case of confined placental trisomy 16 mosaicism (CPM+16).

Design: Case report.

Setting: Prospective study on first trimester growth using a 3D VR system.