Peace-Oriented Mindset and How to Measure it.

This article presents the concept of a Peace-Oriented Mindset (POM), based on peace psychology and the significance of conflict-related context. It highlights the role of preventing conflicts through creating an enabling and peace-supportive milieu, facilitated by individuals with specific peace-oriented capabilities. The phenomenon of POM is analyzed, as well as delineated in the context of the current knowledge in this field.

Nanoparticle growth in supported nickel catalysts during methanation reaction--larger is better.

A major cause of supported metal catalyst deactivation is particle growth by Ostwald ripening. Nickel catalysts, used in the methanation reaction, may suffer greatly from this through the formation of [Ni(CO)4 ]. By analyzing catalysts with various particle sizes and spatial distributions, the interparticle distance was found to have little effect on the stability, because formation and decomposition of nickel carbonyl rather than diffusion was rate limiting.

Control and impact of the nanoscale distribution of supported cobalt particles used in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis.

The proximity of nanoparticles may affect the performance, in particular the stability, of supported metal catalysts. Short interparticle distances often arise during catalyst preparation by formation of aggregates. The cause of aggregation of cobalt nanoparticles during the synthesis of highly loaded silica-supported catalysts was found to originate from the drying process after impregnation of the silica grains with an aqueous cobalt nitrate precursor.

Screening for emphysema via exhaled volatile organic compounds.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema risk groups are well defined and screening allows for early identification of disease. The capability of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to detect emphysema, as found by computed tomography (CT) in current and former heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial, was investigated. CT scans, pulmonary function tests and breath sample collections were obtained from 204 subjects.