Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vancomycin is often used in the ICU for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infection. In critically ill children, there are pathophysiologic changes that affect the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. A systematic review of vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill children was performed.

Ethionamide population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and therapeutic implications in South African adult patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Introduction: Ethionamide is part of the drug-resistant tuberculosis regimen whose pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) information is limited. The aim of the study was to describe the PK and simulate doses to assess PD attainment.

Methods: This was an observational population PK study of patients admitted for drug-resistant tuberculosis at a hospital in South Africa.

Assessment of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics and Dose Regimen Optimisation in Preterm Neonates.

Background: The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, a drug used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), varies between paediatric and adult patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in preterm neonates and determine the optimum dose regimen.

Methods: This was a randomised double-blind study of preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units.

Amount of Cycloserine Emanating from Terizidone Metabolism and Relationship with Hepatic Function in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Background And Objectives: The dosing of cycloserine and terizidone is the same, as both drugs are considered equivalent or used interchangeably. Nevertheless, it is not certain from the literature that these drugs are interchangeable. Therefore, the amount of cycloserine resulting from the metabolism of terizidone and the relationship with hepatic function were determined.

Steady-state population pharmacokinetics of terizidone and its metabolite cycloserine in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Aims: Despite terizidone being part of the second-line recommended drugs for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), information on its pharmacokinetics is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the steady-state population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of terizidone and its primary metabolite cycloserine in patients with DR-TB and determine the effect of patient characteristics.

Methods: This clinical study involved 39 adult DR-TB patients admitted to Brewelskloof Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa for intensive treatment phase.