Magnitude and predictors of elasticity of demand for morphine are similar in male and female rats.

Introduction: Sex differences in vulnerability to opioid use disorder (OUD) have been reported in some clinical and preclinical studies, but findings are mixed and further research is needed in this area. The goal of this study was to compare elasticity of demand (reinforcement efficacy) in an i.v.

The role of β-Nicotyrine in E-Cigarette abuse liability I: Drug Discrimination.

Background: β-Nicotyrine (β-Nic) is a unique minor alkaloid constituent in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) that is derived from nicotine (Nic) degradation and can reach 25% of Nic concentrations in ENDS aerosol. β-Nic slows Nic metabolism and prolongs systemic Nic exposure, which may alter the discriminability of Nic. The present study sought to examine β-Nic has interoceptive effects itself, and if it alters the subjective effects ENDS products within a drug-discrimination paradigm.

Differential gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the medial prefrontal cortex associated with individual differences in rat behavioral models of opioid use disorder.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a neuropsychological disease that has a devastating impact on public health. Substantial individual differences in vulnerability exist, the neurobiological substrates of which remain unclear. To address this question, we investigated genome-wide gene transcription (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male and female rats exhibiting differential vulnerability in behavioral paradigms modeling different phases of OUD: Withdrawal-Induced Anhedonia (WIA), Demand, and Reinstatement.

A TLR7/8 agonist increases efficacy of anti-fentanyl vaccines in rodent and porcine models.

Opioid use disorders (OUD) and overdose are public health threats worldwide. Widespread access to highly potent illicit synthetic opioids such as fentanyl is driving the recent rise in fatal overdoses. Vaccines containing fentanyl-based haptens conjugated to immunogenic carrier proteins offer a long-lasting, safe, and cost-effective strategy to protect individuals from overdose upon accidental or deliberate exposure to fentanyl and its analogs.

Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine Oxidase and Produces Greater Acute Aversive/Anhedonic Effects Than Nicotine Alone on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats.

Conventional tobacco cigarettes appear to have greater abuse liability than non-combusted products such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This may be due to the higher levels of behaviorally active non-nicotine constituents [e.g.