Membrane Organization Strategies in Vesicular Antibiotic Delivery.

Small molecule antibiotics are often derived from microorganisms that thrive in competitive environments. Their importance as therapeutics for infectious disease in humans has been established over many years. It has now become clear that antibiotic-producing organisms use packaging and delivery in the form of vesicles in many cases.

Vesicular Delivery of the Antifungal Antibiotics of Lysobacter enzymogenes C3.

C3 is a predatory strain of Gram-negative gliding bacteria that produces antifungal antibiotics by the polyketide synthetic pathway. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are formed as a stress response and can deliver virulence factors to host cells. The production of OMV by C3 and their role in antifungal activity are reported here.

A gamma scintigraphy study to investigate lung deposition and clearance of inhaled amikacin-loaded liposomes in healthy male volunteers.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhalation of a liposomal formulation of amikacin in healthy male volunteers in terms of pulmonary deposition, clearance, and safety following nebulization with a commercial jet nebulizer.

Methods: Amikacin was encapsulated in liposomes comprised of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol via a proprietary manufacturing process (20 mg/mL final amikacin concentration). The liposomes were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc using the tin chloride labeling method.

Characterization of nebulized liposomal amikacin (Arikace) as a function of droplet size.

The stress of nebulization has been shown to alter the properties of liposomal drugs. What has not been demonstrated is whether nebulized liposomes differ as a function of droplet size. Because droplet size influences lung deposition, liposomes with different properties could be deposited in different areas of the lung (e.