Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether meal ingestion pattern [large morning meals (AM) vs. large evening meals (PM)] affects changes in body weight, body composition or energy utilization during weight loss. Ten women completed a metabolic ward study of 3-wk weight stabilization followed by 12 wk of weight loss with a moderately energy restricted diet [mean energy intake +/- SD = 107 +/- 6 kJ/(kg.

Evaluation of body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and two different software packages.

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures body composition, tissue distribution, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). Differences are possible due to software versions. This investigation examined body composition, tissue distribution, BMC, and BMD measurements using a DXA (Lunar Corp.

Fluid changes during pregnancy: use of bioimpedance spectroscopy.

The increase in body water during pregnancy is responsible for the largest portion of weight gain and is of interest of clinical practitioners. However, assessing changes in body fluids is not easily accomplished during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy for estimating fluid volumes before, during, and after pregnancy.

The effects of endurance exercise with and without a reduction of energy intake on fat-free mass and the composition of fat-free mass in obese women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on fat-free mass and nitrogen balance, with energy restriction or with energy intake to meet non-exercise needs in obese women.

Design: The study was a 14-week metabolic control study with a 2-week baseline period for dietary stabilization followed by a 12-week period of exercise (E) with or without energy restriction (D), E or D+E.

Setting: Metabolic research unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center.