Publications by authors named "P Matheson"
Background: Opioids are still being prescribed to manage acute postsurgical pain. Unnecessary opioid prescriptions can lead to addiction and death, as unused tablets are easily diverted.
Methods: To determine whether combination nonopioid analgesics are at least as good as opioid analgesics, a multisite, double-blind, randomized, stratified, noninferiority comparative effectiveness trial was conducted, which examined patient-centered outcomes after impacted mandibular third-molar extraction surgery.
Article Synopsis
- Invasive species typically experience genetic bottlenecks that reduce their genetic diversity and fitness, yet they often still succeed in new environments.
- The study focused on the blowfly Calliphora vicina, which has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand, to assess how genetic diversity impacts its population fitness.
- Experimental results showed that while inbreeding led to significant reductions in fitness for specific traits, these effects did not lead to population collapse, indicating C. vicina can adapt even after experiencing genetic bottlenecks.
Article Synopsis
- Global rates of biological invasion are rising, negatively impacting native biodiversity and ecosystem services, and hybridization may enhance this by increasing genetic variation and fitness in invasive species.
- The study focused on blowflies in New Zealand, which are believed to have invaded from Australia between 1779 and 1841, analyzing genome-wide SNPs from 154 individuals across 24 populations to assess gene flow and hybridization.
- Results indicated weak genetic structure in New Zealand populations, suggesting high gene flow, with evidence of both interspecific hybridization between species and intraspecific admixture among populations, underscoring the significance of hybridization in the context of biological invasions.
Human activities are accelerating rates of biological invasions and climate-driven range expansions globally, yet we understand little of how genomic processes facilitate the invasion process. Although most of the literature has focused on underlying phenotypic correlates of invasiveness, advances in genomic technologies are showing a strong link between genomic variation and invasion success. Here, we consider the ability of genomic tools and technologies to (i) inform mechanistic understanding of biological invasions and (ii) solve real-world issues in predicting and managing biological invasions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Opioid Analgesic Reduction Study is a double-blind, prospective, clinical trial investigating analgesic effectiveness in the management of acute post-surgical pain after impacted third molar extraction across five clinical sites. Specifically, Opioid Analgesic Reduction Study examines a commonly prescribed opioid combination (hydrocodone/acetaminophen) against a non-opioid combination (ibuprofen/acetaminophen). The Opioid Analgesic Reduction Study employs a novel, electronic infrastructure, leveraging the functionality of its data management system, Research Electronic Data Capture, to not only serve as its data reservoir but also provide the framework for its quality management program.
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