Winter distribution of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton assemblages in the North Sea and the English Channel.

Although zooplankton were extensively studied in the North Sea, knowledge about winter zooplankton assemblages is still scarce, despite potential influence of zooplankton overwintering stocks on seasonal plankton succession and productivity. Furthermore, several economically and ecologically important fish species reproduce during winter contributing to the zooplankton community as passive members (eggs) or predators (larvae). To elucidate on winter zooplankton distribution, abundance and composition in the Southern North Sea and Eastern English Channel, we defined assemblages based on mesozoo- and ichthyoplankton data sampled between January and February 2008 using fuzzy-clustering and indicator species.

A 3D Bio-Printed-Based Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with a very poor prognosis, characterized by incidence rates very close to death rates. Despite the efforts of the scientific community, preclinical models that faithfully recreate the PDAC tumor microenvironment remain limited. Currently, the use of 3D bio-printing is an emerging and promising method for the development of cancer tumor models with reproducible heterogeneity and a precisely controlled structure.

A behavioral tagging account of kinase contribution to memory formation after spaced aversive training.

Long-term memory (LTM) can be induced by repeated spaced training trials. Using the weak inhibitory avoidance (wIA) task, we showed that one wIA session does not lead to a 24-h LTM, whereas two identical wIA sessions spaced by 15 min to 6 h induce a 24-h LTM. This LTM promotion depends both on hippocampal protein synthesis and the activity of several kinases.

CD4 regulatory T cells lacking Helios and Eos.

The transcriptional regulators that drive regulatory T (Treg) cell development and function remain partially understood. Helios (Ikzf2) and Eos (Ikzf4) are closely-related members of the Ikaros family of transcription factors. They are highly expressed in CD4 Treg cells and functionally important for Treg cell biology, as mice deficient for either Helios or Eos are susceptible to autoimmune diseases.

Impact of temperature on Downs herring (Clupea harengus) embryonic stages: First insights from an experimental approach.

Among all human-induced pressures, ocean warming is expected to be one of the major drivers of change in marine ecosystems. Fish species are particularly vulnerable during embryogenesis. Here, the impact of temperature was assessed on embryonic stages of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), a species of high socio-economic interest, with a particular focus on the under-studied eastern English Channel winter-spawning component (Downs herring).