Emerging MRI biomarkers for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

The need to improve diagnostic precision in multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely recognized. In recent years, several novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers have been proposed to enhance diagnostic specificity and reduce misdiagnosis. Some of these imaging biomarkers are deemed highly specific for MS and are likely ready to enter the MS diagnostic work-up, while others are still in their exploratory phase.

Impact of smoking habits on cardiovascular and neoplastic events and all-cause death in people living with HIVfrom the STOPSHIV cohort.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the impact of smoking exposure on major clinical events (MCE) in a real-life setting of people living with HIV (PWH).

Design: Observational longitudinal multicentre cohort study from Italy.

Methods: Consecutive 983 PWH were enrolled in "STOP Smoking in HIV people" (STOPSHIV) projects and followed from July 2014 until September 2023.

Clinical relevance of paramagnetic rim lesion heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Previous studies reveal heterogeneity in terms of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRL) associated tissue damage. We investigated the physiopathology and clinical implications of this heterogeneity.

Methods: In 103 MS patients (72 relapsing and 31 progressive), brain lesions were manually segmented on 3T 3D-FLAIR and rim visibility was assessed with a visual confidence level score (VCLS) on 3D-EPI phase.

Cerebral small vessel disease and glymphatic system dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A narrative review.

As the multiple sclerosis (MS) population ages, the prevalence of vascular comorbidities increases, potentially accelerating disease progression and brain atrophy. Recent studies highlight the prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in MS, suggesting a potential link between vascular comorbidities and accelerated disability. CSVD affects the brain's small vessels, often leading to identifiable markers on MRI such as enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS).

High precision blood lead radiogenic isotope signatures in a community exposed to Pb contaminated soils and implications for the current Pb exposure of the European population.

Our study provides the most comprehensive dataset for high-precision radiogenic isotopes of lead (Pb) in blood for the western European population. It investigates their potential for elucidating the contribution of soil Pb to blood Pb using a human biomonitoring survey involving 81 adults and 4 children living in the urban area of Liège (Belgium). Soils in the area show moderate (median of 360 mg/kg) to high (95th percentile of 1000 mg/kg) Pb concentrations, due to former metal processing activities.