Preclinical Studies on Biomaterial Scaffold use in Knee Ligament Regeneration: A Systematic Review.

Background: Knee joint trauma may result in damage of the intra-articular ligaments, with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) a common and troublesome injury due to poor capabilities for spontaneous regeneration. Autograft and allograft surgical reconstructions are the mainstay of treatment, but have associated risks of failure, therefore tissue-engineering techniques aiming to regenerate the native ACL are being researched as a potential alternative treatment.

Objectives: This article aims to review the current evidence produced by ex vivo and in vivo studies investigating biomaterial scaffolding and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) techniques in orthopaedic tissue engineering of ACL injuries.

Ideal Soft Tissue Facial Profile in Iranian Males and Females: Clinical Implications.

Background: Proper pre-operative facial analysis that includes a thorough evaluation of both the bony and soft tissue anatomy is paramount to success in performing aesthetic surgery of the face. Ethnic variations in soft tissue profile add an important variable to pre-operative facial analysis. The aim of our study was to determine the role of ethnic variations in soft tissue facial profiles through profile analysis of Iranian male and female patients.

Knee Ligament Injury and the Clinical Application of Tissue Engineering Techniques: A Systematic Review.

Background: The incidence of knee ligament injury is increasing and represents a significant cost to healthcare providers. Current interventions include tissue grafts, suture repair and non-surgical management. These techniques have demonstrated good patient outcomes but have been associated graft rejection, infection, long term immobilization and reduced joint function.

A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Investigating Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Fracture Non-Union and Bone Defects.

Background: Fracture non-union is a significant problem with a wide range demographic and massive socioeconomic elements, as well as the clinical difficulties it presents. Conventional treatments with autograft and allograft bone grafting pose serious difficulties, thus, it is necessary to develop novel techniques with our ever increasing knowledge of bioengineering using natural materials.

Objective: To search for current evidence regarding the treatment of fracture non-union or bone defects using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).