[16th century: suffering and disease on the way to great discoveries; from Lisbon to the Moluccas and to Japan].

It is known that plague epidemics and pandemics spread both by sea and by land. However, in the 16th century an entire "hidden face" of the continent was discovered and opened thanks to the Portuguese. It is noteworthy that just as Francis I or the Dutch, Yersinia pestis did not respect the longitudinal limits set out by the treaties of Tordessillas and Saragossa.