Developing a 'model of transition' prior to preceptorship.

It has long been recognized (Kramer, 1974) that the transition from student to qualified nurse or midwife is a steep learning curve which Kramer famously described as a 'reality shock'. The University Hospital of North Staffordshire (UHNS) NHS Trust has recently taken its established preceptorship programme a step further by integrating 'key' components into the final module (module 9) of nurse/midwifery training, now referred to as the 'transition' module. The development of this new and exciting 'shared learning' approach has been the result of collaborative working with the tutors at Keele University and the clinical education team at the UHNS Trust.

Induced sputum genes associated with spirometric and radiological disease severity in COPD ex-smokers.

Background: Induced sputum is used to sample inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils and macrophages, from the airways of COPD patients. The author's aim was to identify candidate genes associated with the degree of airflow obstruction and the extent of emphysema by expression profiling, and then to confirm these findings for selected candidates using PCR and protein analysis.

Methods: Two sputum studies were performed in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 2-4 COPD ex-smokers from the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) cohort.

Using IMAP technology to identify kinase inhibitors: comparison with a substrate depletion approach and analysis of the nature of false positives.

IMAP is a fluorescence polarisation-based assay method which can be applied to the measurement of protein kinase activity. Using a model serine/threonine kinase we found that IMAP generated a good assay window (Z' > 0.8), was very tolerant of DMSO, and was flexible with respect to sample processing (stopped reactions were stable over a period of several days).

Identification of kinase inhibitors by an ATP depletion method.

ATP is one of the substrates of luciferase. ATP concentrations can be measured by quantitating the light output from a luciferase reaction. As kinases also use ATP, it is possible to assay kinase activity through the loss of luminescence in a coupled luciferase reaction.

Identifying regulators of pheromone signalling in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The rate and extent of a cell's response to an extracellular stimulus is influenced by regulators that act on the intracellular signalling machinery. Although not directly involved in propagating the intracellular signal, regulators control the activity of the proteins that transmit the signals. To understand this aspect of cell signalling, we studied the pheromone-response pathway in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a relatively simple signalling system in a genetically tractable organism.