Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N5) detected in an Atlantic walrus () in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 2023.

We present the first documented case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N5 in an Atlantic walrus (). The animal was found dead in Svalbard, Norway, in 2023. Sequence analysis revealed the highest genetic similarity with virus isolates from different avian hosts.

Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV).

The first marine pestivirus, Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV), isolated from harbor porpoise, has been recently described. To further characterize this unique pestivirus, its host cell tropism and growth kinetics were determined in different cell lines. In addition, the interaction of PhoPeV with innate immunity in porcine epithelial cells and the role of selected cellular factors involved in the viral entry and RNA replication of PhoPeV were investigated in comparison to closely and distantly related pestiviruses.

Precursor of H-type II histo-blood group antigen and subterminal sialic acids on gangliosides are significantly implicated in cell entry and infection by a porcine P[11] rotavirus.

Rotaviruses, non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome, are the leading etiological pathogen of acute gastroenteritis in young children and animals. The P[11] genotype of rotaviruses exhibits a tropism for neonates. In the present study, a binding assay using synthetic oligosaccharides demonstrated that the VP8* protein of P[11] porcine rotavirus (PRV) strain 4555 binds to lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) with the sequence Galβ1,4-GlcNAcβ1,3-Galβ1,4-Glc, one of the core parts of histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) and milk glycans.