Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen.

Neat stallion semen can contain a variety of microorganisms, some of which may impair sperm quality and/or cause infection of the mares' reproductive tract. For this reason, antibiotics are commonly added to semen extenders. A combination of gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin (GTLS) has been recommended for use, but there are no reports on the use of this mixture in equine semen extender.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of health, well-being, and college experience in Division III student-athletes.

Determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student-athletes. Participants (n = 238) were Division III student-athletes (18-24yrs) enrolled at a Pennsylvania State University campus during the Fall 2020 semester. Student-athletes were emailed a link of a 43-question survey which was deployed using Qualtrics®.

Commercial semen freezing: individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols.

One of the challenges for those attempting to cryopreserve stallion spermatozoa is dealing with the stallion to stallion variability in the cryosurvival of their semen. In the dairy industry, each bull stud, essentially utilizes a single cryopreservation technique, and bulls that produce sperm that do not cryopreserve well using that technique are replaced by other bulls. However, replacing stallions is unlikely to prove acceptable to the equine industry, where specific genotypes are desired.

MPTP administration in mice changes the ratio of splice isoforms of fosB and rgs9.

Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are sporadic, suggesting an environmental influence on individuals affected by this neurodegenerative disorder. Environmental stresses often lead to changes in the regulation of splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts and this may lead to the pathogenesis of the disease. A 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid mouse model was used to examine the changes in the splicing of the fosB and rgs9 transcripts.