Vascular malformations of the brain.

Pediatric neurovascular malformations are rare. However, proper diagnosis and management are mandatory to achieve a good neurocognitive outcome. Among them several types can be identified with specificities for each.

PWI-MRI and contrast extravasation in brain AVM help to estimate angiogenic activity.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate perfusion characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by means of MRI perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI).

Methods: Forty-three patients with brain AVM were prospectively included and investigated by PWI-MRI. Diagnosis of type of disease was made by angiogram.

Symptomatic spontaneous vertebrobasilar dissections in children: review of 29 consecutive cases.

Object: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical presentation, morphological characteristics, angio-architecture, and outcome of vertebrobasilar dissection (VBD) in the pediatric population.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 29 consecutive cases involving children younger than 16 years of age who were diagnosed with symptomatic VBDs. Data were gathered with respect to the patient's age, sex, clinical history, associated underlying disease, and symptoms (headache, vertigo) as well as the location of the dissection and the imaging appearance.

Clinical characteristics of dural arteriovenous shunts in 446 patients of three different ethnicities.

Dural arteriovenous shunts (DAVSs) developing in either the ventral, dorsal or lateral epidural spaces (VE, DE and LE-shunts) predictably drain in either cranio/spino-fugal or -petal directions. Associated conditions like venous outflow restrictions (VOR) may be responsible for changes in this drainage pattern. The goal of this study was to compare demographic, angiographic and clinical characteristics of different types of DAVS in Europe, South America, and Asia to find out whether the same clinical profile is present in different ethnicities.

A rare case of cerebral cortical dysplasia with arterial vascular dysplasia.

Background: Cortical dysplasias are rarely associated with vascular anomalies. They are usually associated with venous anomalies or in few cases with both arterial and venous anomalies.

Methods: Twenty-six year old female presented with history of headache showed cortical dysplasia associated with pure arterial dysplasia in the absence of any associated venous anomaly.