Kynurenine pathway dysregulation as a mechanistic link between cognitive impairment and brain damage: Implications for multiple sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting from inflammation-related brain damage and brain network dysfunction. Inflammation also causes dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway which is the primary route of tryptophan catabolism. Kynurenine pathway dysregulation is characterised by a shift in concentrations of tryptophan catabolites, also referred to as kynurenines.

Sportizumab - Multimodal progressive exercise over 10 weeks decreases Th17 frequency and CD49d expression on CD8 T cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) represents a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the predominance of circulating T cell subsets with proinflammatory characteristics and increased central nervous system (CNS)-homing potential. Substantial evidence confirms various beneficial effects of chronic exercise interventions in MS, but it is unknown how long-term multi-modal intense exercise affects MS-associated lymphocytes that are commonly targeted by medication in persons with relapsing remitting MS (pwRRMS).

Methods: A total of 45 participants with defined RRMS were randomized to either the exercise (n = 22) or passive waitlist-control group (n = 23).

Neutrophil but not lymphocyte response to matched interval and continuous running differs between protocols and sex.

When considering the acute effects of different modalities of endurance training on cellular immune components, the matching of duration and mean intensity and the consideration of sex-dependent differences have received less attention so far. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of interval running (IR) vs. continuous running (CR) on circulating immune cells and cellular immune inflammation markers.

Correlating the 3D Morphology of Polymer-Based Battery Electrodes with Effective Transport Properties.

Polymer-based batteries represent a promising candidate for next-generation batteries due to their high power densities, decent cyclability, and environmentally friendly synthesis. However, their performance essentially depends on the complex multiscale morphology of their electrodes, which can significantly affect the transport of ions and electrons within the electrode structure. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the complex relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of polymer-based battery electrodes and their effective transport properties.