Interrelated approach to optimization of biosynthesis and chemical isolation of biologically active substances: the production of penicillinamidase by Escherichia coli and peptidohydrolase by Xanthomonas sp.

The solution to the problem of optimizing conditions for the isolation of biologically active substances (BAS) from microbial cells should be based on investigations of the structural and functional characteristics of cultures. Models of two bacterial cultures, of Escherichia coli and a Xanthomonas species, producing enzymes the localization of which differ, is described. The isolation of membrane-bound penicillinamidase from E.

Coagulation autolysis in microorganisms and its relation to coagulase production.

The phenomenon of coagulation autolysis was observed in two model microorganisms, i.e., a bacterial culture and an imperfect fungus.

Acremonium chrysogenum differentiation and biosynthesis of cephalosporin.

On the basis of structure-functional analysis of the development of Acremonium chrysogenum, e.g. under conditions either stimulating antibiotic synthesis or not conductive to production, a scheme was proposed representing the various ways in which morphological differentiation occurs in the culture in dependence on the directions of its metabolism.

Influence of A-factor on the ultrastructure of the A-factor deficient mutant of Streptomyces griseus.

The fine structure of the A-factor deficient mutant strain of Streptomyces griseus grown in the absence or in the presence of this factor was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The submerged 96 h culture grown in the presence of the A-factor was characterized by the formation of a large amount of spores accompanied by mycelium disintegration. A number of essential ultrastructural changes were observed in the mycelium in the course of development and streptomycin biosynthesis after the A-factor addition.