Publications by authors named "P L Viale"
Impact of Continuous Infusion Meropenem PK/PD Target Attainment on C-Reactive Protein Dynamics in Critically Ill Patients With Documented Gram-Negative Hospital-Acquired or Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.
Clin Pharmacokinet
November 2024
Background And Objective: Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling of antibiotics including C-reactive protein (C-RP) dynamics could be helpful in predicting the efficacy of antimicrobials. We developed a PK/PD model for assessing the impact of continuous infusion (CI) meropenem PK/PD target attainment on C-RP dynamics in critically ill patients with documented Gram-negative hospital- (HAP) or ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP).
Methods: Patients were grouped according to the type of antibiotic treatment received [meropenem monotherapy; meropenem plus empirical anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) therapy; meropenem in combination with another anti-Gram-negative active agent; meropenem plus a targeted anti-MRSA therapy].
Article Synopsis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis significantly worsens the prognosis for patients suffering from moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), with a study identifying several risk factors related to its occurrence.
- In a study of 135 hospitalized patients, CMV colitis was diagnosed in approximately 27.4% of cases, and those with CMV colitis had a higher age and comorbidity index, along with increased rates of steroid refractoriness and CMV-DNAemia.
- Patients with CMV colitis were more likely to require colectomy within 30 days, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and potential benefits of antiviral treatment, with the need for further research suggested to clarify CMV-DNA
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the impact of adequate empirical combination therapy (AECT) on 30-day mortality rates in septic shock patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Of 98 patients analyzed, those receiving AECT had a significantly lower mortality rate (25%) compared to those on adequate empirical monotherapy (AEMT) (56.8%), indicating AECT may enhance survival.
- The findings suggest transitioning to a single effective antibiotic after confirming susceptibility is safe, highlighting the need for further research to validate these results.
Article Synopsis
- A study on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in lung transplant recipients over a 20-year period revealed significant variation in practices among different centers.
- The research enrolled 111 lung transplant recipients, finding that most received combination therapy, while the median duration for PAP was 10 days.
- However, the study concluded that there was no significant difference in preventing early post-operative infections (EPOIs) between combination and single-agent therapies, and duration of PAP also did not impact EPOI rates.
Background And Objective: Dalbavancin is increasingly used for the long-term treatment of chronic osteoarticular infections. A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis for assessing the relationship between dalbavancin exposure and C-reactive protein (C-RP) over time was conducted.
Methods: Non-linear mixed-effect modeling was fitted to dalbavancin and C-RP concentrations.