Elderly patients with tuberculosis in a low-incidence country - Clinical characteristics, inflammation and outcome.

Background: Susceptibility to respiratory infections increases with age. Diagnosing and treating tuberculosis in the elderly comes with the challenges of fewer specific symptoms and possibly more side effects of treatment. Much is unknown when it comes to tuberculosis in the elderly, especially in relation to inflammation, which may impact mortality.

The P2X3 receptor antagonist filapixant in patients with refractory chronic cough: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: P2X3 receptor antagonists seem to have a promising potential for treating patients with refractory chronic cough. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the novel selective P2X3 receptor antagonist filapixant (BAY1902607) in patients with refractory chronic cough.

Methods: Following a crossover design, 23 patients with refractory chronic cough (age: 60.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra as treatment for paradoxical responses in HIV-negative tuberculosis patients: A case series.

Background: Paradoxical inflammatory responses can occur during microbiologically successful antituberculous therapy. Optimal treatment is unknown, but corticosteroids are used most often. It is likely that interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a central role in the development of these paradoxical responses, and if corticosteroids fail or are undesirable because of adverse effects, anti-IL-1 therapy may therefore be a rational choice.

Effect of once-daily fluticasone furoate/vilanterol vilanterol alone on bone mineral density in patients with COPD: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: The relationship between inhaled corticosteroids and bone mineral density (BMD) remains uncertain despite extensive research.

Methods: This was an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-year noninferiority study. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (⩾40 years of age; smoking history ⩾10 pack years) and at least one native hip evaluable for BMD were enrolled and randomized 1:1, stratified by sex, to treatment with vilanterol (VI) 25 µg or fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) 100 µg/25 µg.

Identifying a nasal gene expression signature associated with hyperinflation and treatment response in severe COPD.

Hyperinflation contributes to dyspnea intensity in COPD. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying hyperinflation and how inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affect this important aspect of COPD pathophysiology. To investigate the effect of ICS/long-acting β-agonist (LABA) treatment on both lung function measures of hyperinflation, and the nasal epithelial gene-expression profile in severe COPD.