An integrated photonic engine for programmable atomic control.

Solutions for scalable, high-performance optical control are important for the development of scaled atom-based quantum technologies. Modulation of many individual optical beams is central to applying arbitrary gate and control sequences on arrays of atoms or atom-like systems. At telecom wavelengths, miniaturization of optical components via photonic integration has pushed the scale and performance of classical and quantum optics far beyond the limitations of bulk devices.

The null need not be nil: clarifying the parallel arbitrariness of difference testing and equivalence testing.

In every statistical analysis, a critical step is to determine the smallest effect size of interest (that is, the arbitrary dividing line between meaningful and negligible results). Different tests address this in different ways, and the contrasting approaches can sometimes lead to confusion. We discuss a key example of such confusion, whereby equivalence testing is perceived to be more arbitrary than difference testing.