Publications by authors named "P L Conway"
Background And Objective: Although prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has impacted the investigation and management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, negative scans are common at low rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. PET/CT devices with an extended axial field-of-view, such as the Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra (Quadra) scanner, have substantially higher sensitivity than conventional field-of-view scanners. Our aim was to assess whether the enhanced signal-to-noise ratios achieved on the Quadra scanner improve detection of low-volume disease and thereby increase detection of PC at low PSA levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs It Fair to Kill One to Save Five? How Just World Beliefs Shape Sacrificial Moral Decision-making.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study explores how people's ethical decisions in sacrifice dilemmas (sacrificing one to save many) relate to two different ethical frameworks: deontological ethics, which opposes causing harm, and utilitarian ethics, which focuses on maximizing overall good.
- Researchers conducted four studies with a total of 1,116 participants, manipulating the perceived moral character of the sacrificial target to see how this affected ethical decision-making.
- Results indicated that participants were less likely to reject harm (consistent with utilitarianism) when the target was perceived as guilty rather than innocent, while general beliefs about justice and fair treatment influenced both ethical perspectives, though these effects were diminished when psychopathy traits were taken into account.
Article Synopsis
- Five experiments with 2,204 participants explored how people respond to a moral dilemma involving a military pilot deciding whether to bomb a dangerous target at the risk of killing an unknown bystander.
- Results showed that fewer people supported the bombing when the bystander was known to be an innocent civilian, but support increased significantly when the bystander's identity was unknown.
- Factors influencing this support included overall attitudes towards total war, with UK participants generally opposing bombing more than US participants; this suggests a concerning bias where unidentified bystanders are often presumed guilty.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between self-reported workplace bullying and various hospital-diagnosed mental disorders as well as the use of psychotropic medications.
- Analyzing data from over 75,000 participants, researchers found that workplace bullying significantly increased the risk of mental disorders, particularly mood and stress-related disorders, especially among women.
- The findings suggest that individuals experiencing workplace bullying are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic drugs, highlighting the serious mental health implications of bullying in the workplace.
Effects of a live versus heat-inactivated probiotic spp in preterm infants: a randomised clinical trial.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed
August 2024
Background: Heat-inactivated probiotics (HPs) may provide an effective alternative to live probiotics (P) by avoiding their risks (eg, probiotic sepsis) while retaining the benefits. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a HP in very preterm (VP: gestation <32 weeks) infants.
Methods: VP infants were randomly allocated to receive a HP or P mixture ( M-16V, subsp.