Impact of genetic variants on fentanyl metabolism in major breast surgery patients: a candidate gene association study.

Aim: The study aimed to examine the association of two selected candidate SNPs rs2242480 (CYP3A4) and rs1045642 (ABCB1) with metabolic ratio of plasma norfentanyl to fentanyl concentrations in patients undergoing major breast surgeries.

Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was done in 257 female patients. DNA extraction, genotyping of selected SNPs, and drug levels measurement were employed.

Microbially-produced folate forms support the growth of Roseburia intestinalis but not its competitive fitness in fecal batch fermentations.

Background: Folate (vitamin B9) occurs naturally mainly as tetrahydrofolate (THF), methyl-tetrahydrofolate (M-THF), and formyl-tetrahydrofolate (F-THF), and as dietary synthetic form (folic acid). While folate auxotrophy and prototrophy are known for several gut microbes, the specific folate forms produced by gut prototrophs and their impact on gut auxotrophs and microbiota remain unexplored.

Methods: Here, we quantified by UHPLC-FL/UV folate produced by six predicted gut prototrophs (Marvinbryantia formatexigens DSM 14469, Blautia hydrogenotrophica 10507 , Blautia producta DSM 14466, Bacteroides caccae DSM 19024, Bacteroides ovatus DSM 1896, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron DSM 2079 ) and investigated the impact of different folate forms and doses (50 and 200 µg/l) on the growth and metabolism of the gut auxotroph Roseburia intestinalis in pure cultures and during fecal anaerobic batch fermentations (48 h, 37 °C) of five healthy adults.

Efficacy of endotracheal tube cuff lignocaine in the prevention of postextubation cough in children undergoing elective surgeries - A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Postextubation airway complications are more common in paediatric patients than in adults. Intravenous lignocaine effectively prevents extubation response; however, data on using intracuff lignocaine in microcuff endotracheal tubes is scarce. The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postextubation cough between intracuff lignocaine and intracuff air in the paediatric population during tracheal extubation.

A Case of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young With Complex Mutations.

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) encompasses a group of rare monogenic forms of diabetes, with 14 subtypes described in the literature, each with a distinct underlying genetic mutation. We present a case with mutations in 2 different genes that are known to be responsible for MODY. A 33-year-old male individual presented to the endocrinology clinic for evaluation.