Decreased surface and bottom salinity and elevated bottom temperature in the Northern Baltic Sea over the past six decades.

Temperature and salinity are key factors in controlling marine habitats and gas fluxes. Finnish and Swedish temperature and salinity monitoring data from the northern Baltic Sea since the 1960s, and Argo buoy data from the eastern Gotland Basin and the Bothnian Sea from 2012 to 2021 were examined using linear trend analysis. Since the 1960's near-bottom temperature has increased by 0.

Century-Long Warming Trends in the Upper Water Column of Lake Tanganyika.

Lake Tanganyika, the deepest and most voluminous lake in Africa, has warmed over the last century in response to climate change. Separate analyses of surface warming rates estimated from in situ instruments, satellites, and a paleolimnological temperature proxy (TEX86) disagree, leaving uncertainty about the thermal sensitivity of Lake Tanganyika to climate change. Here, we use a comprehensive database of in situ temperature data from the top 100 meters of the water column that span the lake's seasonal range and lateral extent to demonstrate that long-term temperature trends in Lake Tanganyika depend strongly on depth, season, and latitude.

Bacterial infection (BI)-INDEX: an improved and simplified rapid flow cytometric bacterial infection marker.

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and simple flow cytometric bacterial infection marker. In this prospective comparative study, quantitative flow cytometric analysis of CD10, CD35, CD66b, CD282, and MHC Class I molecules on human neutrophils, monocytes, and B-lymphocytes from 141 hospitalized febrile patients with suspected infection and from 50 healthy controls was performed. We developed a flow cytometric marker of local and systemic bacterial infections, designated "bacterial infection (BI)-INDEX", incorporating the quantitative analysis of CD10, CD35, MHCI, CD66b, and CD282 on neutrophils, monocytes, and B-lymphocytes, which displayed 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity in distinguishing between microbiologically confirmed bacterial (n = 31) and viral infections (n = 27) within a 1-h time-frame.

High-throughput screening of colonization samples for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: We present here the first application of 2-photon excited fluorescence detection (TPX) technology for the direct screening of clinical colonization samples for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methods: A total of 125 samples from 14 patients with previously identified MRSA carriage and 16 controls from low-prevalence settings were examined.

Results: The results were compared to those obtained by both standard phenotypic and molecular methods.

Use of complement regulators, CD35, CD46, CD55, and CD59, on leukocytes as markers for diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections.

Several complement regulatory proteins exist on self-cells to prevent damage by the serum complement system. In the present study, we aimed to perform quantitative analysis of membrane-bound complement regulators, CR1 (CD35), MCP (CD46), DAF (CD55), and MIRL (CD59), on peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes from healthy controls (n=36) and febrile patients diagnosed with either bacterial (n=21) or viral (n=26) infections. Our results show that: (a) increased CD35 and CD55 levels on neutrophils and monocytes present potent markers of bacterial infection, (b) increased expression of CD46 on monocytes is an indicator of viral infection, and (c) increased CD59 expression on neutrophils and monocytes is a general infection marker.