Inhaled analgesics for the treatment of prehospital acute pain-A systematic review.

Background: Many prehospital emergency patients receive suboptimal treatment for their moderate to severe pain. Various factors may contribute. We aim to systematically review literature pertaining to prehospital emergency adult patients with acute pain and the pain-reducing effects, adverse events (AEs), and safety issues associated with inhaled analgetic agents compared with other prehospital analgesic agents.

Opioids for Treatment of Pre-hospital Acute Pain: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Acute pain is a frequent symptom among patients in the pre-hospital setting, and opioids are the most widely used class of drugs for the relief of pain in these patients. However, the evidence base for opioid use in this setting appears to be weak. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics in the pre-hospital setting and to assess potential alternative therapies.

Ketamine for the treatment of prehospital acute pain: a systematic review of benefit and harm.

Background: Few publications have addressed prehospital use of ketamine in analgesic doses. We aimed to assess the effect and safety profile of ketamine compared with other analgesic drugs (or no drug) in adult prehospital patients with acute pain.

Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials assessing prehospital administration of ketamine in analgesic doses compared with other analgesic drugs or no analgesic treatment in adults.

[Should all patients with traumatic brain injury receive tranexamic acid?].

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Progressive intracranial bleeding is common in TBI and worsens outcome. The multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled CRASH-3 study enrolling 12,737 patients showed that early, <3h, administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) decreased mortality in mild-moderate TBI patients.

Femoral nerve blocks for the treatment of acute pre-hospital pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Pain management is one of the most important interventions in the emergency medical services. The femoral nerve block (FNB) is, among other things, indicated for pre- and post-operative pain management for patients with femoral fractures but its role in the pre-hospital setting has not been determined. The aim of this review was to assess the effect and safety of the FNB in comparison to other forms of analgesia (or no treatment) for managing acute lower extremity pain in adult patients in the pre-hospital setting.