Population-based age-period-cohort analysis of declining Human Papillomavirus prevalence.

Background: Most countries in the world have launched human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes and declining prevalences of HPV are reported. We aimed to disentangle the influences of calendar time, birth cohort and age by analysing HPV prevalences in the population-based cervical screening programme using age-period-cohort modelling.

Methods: All 836,314 primary HPV-based cervical screening tests from women aged 23-64 between 2014-2023 in the capital region of Sweden were identified in the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry.

Veterinary care providers recognize clinical utility of genetic testing but report limited confidence in interpreting direct-to-consumer results.

Objective: Direct-to-consumer (D2C) genetic tests are increasingly accessible to pet owners, with commercial genetic companies entering veterinary distribution markets. This study evaluated veterinary care providers' (VCPs) awareness of the D2C genetic industry, experiences with clients' inquiries, perceptions of clinical utility, and confidence in interpreting test results.

Methods: Veterinary care providers attending a professional conference (February 19 through 23, 2023) were invited to complete an online survey.

Perceived body acceptance by personal trainers and client body appreciation in women in the UK: A pre-registered study.

Research is yet to consider the potential for personal trainers (PTs) to influence their client's thoughts and feelings surrounding their body. This pre-registered study explored a model of positive body image in women personal training clients in the UK. Participants (n = 234, mean age = 51) completed an online questionnaire assessing body mass index (BMI), perceived body acceptance by their PT and various other measures related to body image.

Inborn errors of immunity reveal molecular requirements for generation and maintenance of human CD4 IL-9-expressing cells.

Background: CD4 T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4 T-cell subsets-T1, T2, T17, T22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing T9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity.