Individual phenotypic variability in the behaviour of an aggregative riverine fish is structured along a reactive-proactive axis.

High phenotypic diversity should provide populations with resilience to environmental change by increasing their capacity to respond to changing conditions. The aim of this study was to identify whether there is consistency in individual behaviours on a reactive-proactive axis in European barbel Barbus barbus ("barbel"), a riverine and aggregatory fish that expresses individual differences in its behaviours in nature. This was tested using three sequential experiments in ex-situ conditions that required individuals to leave a shelter and then explore new habitats ('open-field test'), respond to social stimuli ('mirror-image stimulation test') and forage ('foraging behaviour test'; assessing exploratory traits).

Correlated biodiversity change between plant and insect assemblages resurveyed after 80 years across a dynamic habitat mosaic.

Historical data on co-occurring taxa are extremely rare. As such, the extent to which distinct co-occurring taxa experience similar long-term patterns in species richness and compositional change (e.g.

Behavioural thermoregulation in cold-water freshwater fish: Innate resilience to climate warming?

Behavioural thermoregulation enables ectotherms to access habitats providing conditions within their temperature optima, especially in periods of extreme thermal conditions, through adjustments to their behaviours that provide a "whole-body" response to temperature changes. Although freshwater fish have been detected as moving in response to temperature changes to access habitats that provide their thermal optima, there is a lack of integrative studies synthesising the extent to which this is driven by behaviour across different species and spatial scales. A quantitative global synthesis of behavioural thermoregulation in freshwater fish revealed that across 77 studies, behavioural thermoregulatory movements by fish were detected both vertically and horizontally, and from warm to cool waters and, occasionally, the converse.

Measuring and modelling microclimatic air temperature in a historically degraded tropical forest.

Climate change is predicted to cause widespread disruptions to global biodiversity. Most climate models are at the macroscale, operating at a ~ 1 km resolution and predicting future temperatures at 1.5-2 m above ground level, making them unable to predict microclimates at the scale that many organisms experience temperature.