Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery--a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications.

Background: Axillary artery is known to show different variations mostly in its branching pattern. Similarly, the origin of profunda brachii is often encountered with abnormality. Therefore, when the vascular variations in the upper limb persist, mostly it is confined to its branching pattern followed by its variant origin.

Molecular Evidence for the Occurrence of Abutilon mosaic virus, A New World Begomovirus in India.

During an investigation in the year 2010, on the weed reservoir of begomovirus, Abutilon pictum showing bright yellow mosaic symptoms was observed in Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India. The complete bipartite genome of a begomovirus was cloned and sequenced which revealed association of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV). Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated biolistically with the concatemers generated through rolling circle amplification of the cloned DNAs were asymptomatic; however three out of nine plants showed presence of viral DNA A.

Infection of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus with betasatellites, results in enhanced level of helper virus components and antagonistic interaction between DNA B and betasatellites.

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) (Geminiviridae) is an important pathogen that severely affects tomato production. An extensive survey was carried out during 2003-2010 to study the diversity of begomoviruses found in tomato, potato, and cucurbits that showed symptoms of leaf puckering, distortion, curling, vein clearing, and yellow mosaic in various fields in different regions of India. Ten begomovirus isolates were cloned from infected samples and identified as belonging to the species ToLCNDV.